Guy Stern, who fled rising antisemitism in Nazi Germany at 15 for a brand new life within the United States however returned to Europe throughout World War II as a member of a navy intelligence program that educated him to interrogate prisoners of warfare, died on Dec. 7 in West Bloomfield, Mich. He was 101.
His loss of life, at a hospital, was confirmed by his spouse, Susanna Piontek, a German writer.
Mr. Stern was one of many so-called Ritchie Boys, a gaggle named for a secret Army camp in Maryland that served as a coaching heart the place an estimated 11,000 troopers — 2,000 to 3,000 of them European Jews, largely from Germany — accomplished a full course of instruction.
They realized, amongst different issues, learn how to interrogate, interpret and translate for overseas officers; acknowledge the small print of imprisoned German and Italian prisoners’ uniforms; and extract important data from paperwork drafted in bureaucratic German.
“We were fighting an American war, and we were also fighting an intensely personal war,” Mr. Stern told The Washington Post in 2005. “We were in that war with every inch of our being.”
He was talking at the premiere of a documentary, “The Ritchie Boys,” directed by Christian Bauer, held at the shuttered camp within the mountains of Maryland.
Mr. Stern landed in Normandy in June 1944, three days after the D-Day invasion, served in Germany, Belgium and France and interrogated prisoners till the tip of the warfare and for some time after.
At least 60 p.c of the actionable intelligence within the European theater was amassed by the Ritchie Boys, in keeping with David Frey, director of the Center for Holocaust Studies and Genocide at the United States Military Academy at West Point. Dr. Frey mentioned that there are in all probability not more than 25 or 30 Ritchie boys nonetheless alive.
One of Mr. Stern’s methods for forcing recalcitrant prisoners to cooperate was to fake to be a fierce however erratic Soviet commissar named Krukow. He dressed within the acceptable regalia; spoke in a Russian accent (primarily based on the voice of the Mad Russian, a personality on the comic Eddie Cantor’s radio present); saved {a photograph} of Stalin supposedly signed to Krukow close by; and threatened to ship the imprisoned Germans to Siberia.
“We didn’t break everyone,” Mr. Stern wrote in “Invisible Ink: A Memoir” (2020). “Some of our captives may have reflected on the impossibility of transporting prisoners across half a continent to face the feared Russians. But mostly the stratagem worked.”
Günther Stern was born on Jan. 14, 1922, in Hildesheim, Germany. His father, Julius, offered textiles. His mom, Hedwig (Silberberg) Stern, was a homemaker who helped her husband in his work.
Günther was 11 when Hitler took energy in 1933, Within 4 years, the Nazis’ terror marketing campaign in opposition to Jews had made the household’s life insupportable.
Günther recalled being ostracized at his all-male college.
“I went to my father one day and I said, ‘Classes are becoming a torture chamber,’” he said in an interview with the CBS News show “60 Minutes” for a section on the Ritchie Boys in 2021.
In 1937, his dad and mom determined to ship Günther, their oldest little one, to stay together with his Uncle Benno and Aunt Ethel in St. Louis. But after he arrived, he couldn’t discover a sponsor to deliver the remainder of his household — his dad and mom; his sister, Eleonore; and his brother, Werner — to the United States. All 4 have been killed by the Nazis, however Mr. Stern was by no means sure if their deaths occurred within the Warsaw Ghetto, the place they frolicked, or in a loss of life camp.
Günther completed highschool in St. Louis — the place he adopted a girlfriend’s suggestion that he change his identify to Guy — and labored as a busboy in a resort whereas attending Saint Louis University. He tried to enlist within the Navy after the Japanese assault on Pearl Harbor; he was rejected as a result of he hadn’t been born within the United States, however he was then drafted by the Army and despatched for primary coaching at Camp Barkley, Texas, the place he turned a naturalized citizen in 1943. He was finally transferred to Camp Ritchie.
While in Germany, he used a technique of mass interrogation that helped him earn a Bronze Star. His different honors embrace knight of the Legion of Honor, which he acquired from France on International Holocaust Remembrance Day in 2017.
After his discharge, he accomplished his schooling, financed by the G.I. Bill of Rights. He graduated from Hofstra College (now University) in 1948 with a bachelor’s diploma in romance languages, then earned a grasp’s diploma in German in 1950 and a Ph.D. in 1954 from the Columbia University Graduate School of Arts and Sciences.
For the following half-century, he taught German at Denison University, in Granville, Ohio, and was chairman of the German division and dean of graduate schooling and analysis at the University of Cincinnati; chairman of the division of German and Slavic languages and literatures at the University of Maryland; and vice chairman and provost for tutorial affairs and, later, distinguished professor of German literature and cultural historical past at Wayne State University in Detroit.
At his loss of life, Mr. Stern was director of the International Institute of the Righteous at the Zekelman Holocaust Center in Farmington Hills, Mich. The institute explores and researches moral conduct through the Holocaust; Mr. Stern was particularly enthusiastic about altruism, specifically in how Jews helped Jews.
Ms. Piontek is his solely fast survivor. His son, Mark, died in 2006. His marriage to Margith Langweiler led to divorce. His second marriage, to Judith Edelstein Owens, ended along with her loss of life in 2003.
Mr. Stern translated Ms. Piontek’s story collection “Have We Possibly Met Before? And Other Stories” (2011) into English and wrote the preface. She, in flip, translated Mr. Stern’s memoir into German.
Mr. Stern was 98 when he was interviewed for “The U.S. and the Holocaust” (2022), a three-part PBS documentary directed by Ken Burns, Lynn Novick and Sarah Botstein, and 99 when he talked to Jon Wertheim of “60 Minutes.” In each interviews, he wore a salmon-colored blazer and was a fascinating presence as he eloquently recalled his previous.
“He had a twinkle in his eye and a lightness in his step,” Ms. Novick mentioned in a cellphone interview.
In the documentary, Mr. Stern recalled getting into the Buchenwald focus camp after its liberation in April 1945 and seeing the skeletal however nonetheless dwelling inmates.
“I was a hardened soldier by then, but I couldn’t help myself,” he mentioned. “So I was crying. I looked around and Sergeant Hadley, from a Protestant family in Ohio, he was bawling like a kid, as I was. You couldn’t take it. But they could — the perpetrators who could do such a thing, and the victims who had to endure it.”
Ms. Novick mentioned that Mr. Stern was a crucial voice within the documentary.
“He checked so many boxes for us,” she mentioned, “as someone who grew up in Germany, who managed to get to the United States, who lost family members, went back to fight the Germans, and then became a scholar.”
